栈
            
            
                
            
            
                
                 
一、概念
![image]() 
数组和栈
- 数组是一种线性结构,可以在 任意位置 插入和删除数据
- 栈和队列 是 ==受限制的线性结构==
栈结构
- 是一种受限的线性表,==先进后出== LIFO(last in first out), 后进先出。
- 仅允许在表的一端进行插入和删除,这一端成为==栈顶==。相对地,另一端为栈底。
- 向一个栈插入新元素又称 ==进栈==、入栈或压栈)、出栈(退栈)
- 向一个栈删除元素又称作 ==出栈==、退栈
程序中的栈实现
- 函数调用栈
- A调用B,B中又调用了C,C中又调用D;
- 执行过程中,先将A压入栈,A没有执行完,不会退出栈
- 依次将B/C/D压入到栈中,D压入到栈顶。当前栈顺序是 栈底A->B->C->D栈顶
- D执行完,弹出栈。C/B/A 依次出栈
- 函数调用栈的称呼,就来自于其内部的实现机制(通过栈来实现的)。
 
- 递归(容易引发栈溢出)
栈结构的实现
- 基于数组实现
- 基于链表实现(链表:也是一种数据结构,JavaScript中没有自带的链表结构)
二、属性和方法
栈的方法(6个):
- push(element): 添加一个新元素到栈顶位置
- pop(): 移出栈顶位置,同时返回被移出的元素
- peek(): 返回栈顶的元素,不对栈做任何修改
- isEmpty(): 如果栈里没有任何元素就返回true,否则返回false
- size(): 返回栈元素的个数
- toString(): 将栈结构的内容以字符形式返回
具体代码实现
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 | function Stack() {
 
 this.items = [];
 
 
 Stack.prototype.push = function (element) {
 this.items.push(element);
 }
 
 
 Stack.prototype.pop = function () {
 return this.items.pop();
 }
 
 
 Stack.prototype.peek = function () {
 return this.items[this.items.length - 1];
 }
 
 
 Stack.prototype.isEmpty = function () {
 return this.items.length === 0;
 }
 
 
 Stack.prototype.size = function () {
 return this.items.length;
 }
 
 
 Stack.prototype.toString = function () {
 return this.items.toString();
 }
 }
 
 | 
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 | const stack = new Stack();
 stack.push(1)
 stack.push(2)
 stack.push(3)
 stack.items = [1,2,3]
 console.log(stack.items)
 console.log(stack.peek())
 
 | 
三、算法实例
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 | 
 
 function dec2bin(decNumber) {
 
 let stack = new Stack();
 
 
 while(decNumber > 0) {
 
 stack.push(decNumber % 2);
 
 
 decNumber = Math.floor(decNumber / 2);
 
 }
 
 
 let binaryString = '';
 while(!stack.isEmpty()) {
 binaryString += stack.pop();
 }
 
 return binaryString;
 }
 
 | 
 
            
                
                    
    
        - 
            Post title: 栈
        
- 
            Post author: Chao
        
- 
            Create time: 2019-09-21 14:45:00
        
- 
            Post link: 2019/09/21/栈/
        
- 
            Copyright notice: All articles in this blog are licensed under BY-NC-SA unless stating additionally.
        
        
    
 
                 
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
         
        
            
        
     
 
                
             
         
        
            
        
     
    
        
    
    
        $tools-item-width = 2.2rem
$tools-item-font-size = 1.1rem
$tools-item-border-radius = 0.1rem
.side-tools-container {
  position relative
  .tools-item {
    width $tools-item-width
    height $tools-item-width
    margin-bottom 0.2rem
    color var(--text-color-3)
    font-size $tools-item-font-size
    background var(--background-color-1)
    border-right none
    border-radius $tools-item-border-radius
    box-shadow 0.1rem 0.1rem 0.2rem var(--shadow-color)
    cursor pointer
    i {
      color var(--text-color-3)
    }
    &:hover {
      color var(--background-color-1)
      background var(--primary-color)
      box-shadow 0.2rem 0.2rem 0.4rem var(--shadow-color)
      i {
        color var(--background-color-1)
      }
    }
    +keep-tablet() {
      width $tools-item-width * 0.9
      height $tools-item-width * 0.9
      margin-bottom 0.2rem
      font-size $tools-item-font-size * 0.9
    }
    &.rss {
      a {
        width 100%
        height 100%
        border-radius $tools-item-border-radius
        &:hover {
          color var(--background-color-1)
          background var(--primary-color)
          box-shadow 0.2rem 0.2rem 0.4rem var(--shadow-color)
        }
      }
    }
  }
  .side-tools-list {
    transform translateX(100%)
    opacity 0
    transition-t("transform, opacity", "0, 0", "0.2, 0.2", "linear, linear")
    &.show {
      transform translateX(0)
      opacity 1
    }
  }
  .exposed-tools-list {
    if (hexo-config('style.scroll.percent') == true) {
      .tool-scroll-to-top {
        display none
        &.show {
          display flex
        }
        &:hover {
          .percent {
            display none
          }
          .arrow-up {
            display flex
          }
        }
        .arrow-up {
          display none
        }
        .percent {
          display flex
          font-size 1rem
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
    
    
    ![]() 
 
    
        $icon-size = 1.2rem
$search-header-height = 3rem
.search-pop-overlay {
  position fixed
  top 0
  left 0
  z-index $z-index-8
  display flex
  width 100%
  height 100%
  background rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
  visibility hidden
  transition-t("visibility, background", "0, 0", "0.3, 0.3", "ease, ease")
  &.active {
    background rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)
    visibility visible
    .search-popup {
      transform scale(1)
    }
  }
  .search-popup {
    z-index $z-index-6
    width 70%
    height 80%
    margin auto
    background var(--background-color-1)
    border-radius 0.4rem
    transform scale(0)
    transition-t("transform", "0", "0.3", "ease")
    +keep-tablet() {
      width 80%
    }
    +keep-mobile() {
      width 90%
    }
    .search-header {
      display flex
      align-items center
      height $search-header-height
      padding 0 1rem
      background var(--text-color-6)
      border-top-left-radius 0.2rem
      border-top-right-radius 0.2rem
      .search-input-field-pre {
        margin-right 0.2rem
        color var(--text-color-3)
        font-size 1.3rem
        cursor pointer
      }
      .search-input-container {
        flex-grow 1
        padding 0.2rem
        .search-input {
          width 100%
          color var(--text-color-3)
          font-size 1.2rem
          background transparent
          border 0
          outline 0
          &::-webkit-search-cancel-button {
            display none
          }
          &::-webkit-input-placeholder {
            color var(--text-color-4)
            font-size 1rem
          }
        }
      }
      .close-popup-btn {
        color var(--text-color-3)
        font-size $icon-size
        cursor pointer
        &:hover {
          color var(--text-color-1)
        }
      }
    }
    #search-result {
      position relative
      display flex
      box-sizing border-box
      height 'calc(100% - %s)' % $search-header-height
      padding 0.3rem 1.5rem
      overflow auto
      .search-result-list {
        width 100%
        height 100%
        font-size 1rem
        li {
          box-sizing border-box
          margin 0.8rem 0
          padding 0.8rem 0
          border-bottom 0.1rem dashed var(--border-color)
          &:last-child {
            border-bottom none
          }
          .search-result-title {
            position relative
            display flex
            align-items center
            margin-bottom 0.8rem
            padding-left 1rem
            font-weight bold
            &::after {
              position absolute
              top 50%
              left 0
              width 0.4rem
              height 0.4rem
              background var(--text-color-3)
              border-radius 50%
              transform translateY(-50%)
              content ''
            }
          }
          .search-result {
            margin 0
            padding-left 1rem
            line-height 2rem
            word-wrap break-word
          }
          a {
            &:hover {
              color var(--text-color-3)
            }
          }
          .search-keyword {
            color var(--primary-color)
            font-weight bold
            border-bottom 0.1rem dashed var(--primary-color)
          }
        }
      }
      #no-result {
        margin auto
        color var(--text-color-4)
      }
    }
  }
}